Semantic interoperability between health information systems has not
been achieved. In recent years, several semantic health platforms have emerged,
but because they are different, they do not guarantee efficient interoperability.
Therefore, it is important to understand the main problems and how the semantic
interoperability process is addressed from a complexity perspective. To
achieve this objective, a systematic literature review was conducted using the
SCOPUS and WoS databases; with keywords ranging from "semantic interoperability"
and "health" and "complex*" from 2015 to 2025, the search results
were narrowed using PRISMA (n=56), with AMSTAR 2 methodological quality
evaluation. Results show: a) Keywords related to patient clinical information;
b) Main authors on this topic are from developed countries; c) Predominant
health area is medicine; d) Data heterogeneity and incompatibility between
systems were the main problems; e) Innovative and critical thinking were the
main types of complex thinking. This SLR allowed us to understand the challenges
that must be overcome within the healthcare sector to achieve efficient
semantic interoperability.