School efficiency allows for quality education; however, the Ecuadorian educational system does not provide the necessary resources and means for schools to adequately train students in scientific knowledge and skills.For this reason, it is necessary to recognize the factors associated with student performance in order to propose actions, plans or programs. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between science achievement and contextual and educational factors in secondary school students in Ecuador. Therefore, a bivariate correlation was performed between the criterion variable and predictive variables, considering the 173 educational centers with 5664 students, which participated in PISA-2018. The results show several significant correlations between performance and the explanatory factors. Such is the case of the student´s migratory status (first generation), which has a positive relationship. Meanwhile, the student´s gender (female) and his or her levels of depression have a negative relationship. These results are the basis for further research, in which the multivariate relationship will be determined.